pytest 提供许多运行时参数，用于控制输出的详细程度，比如: pytest -v。我挑几个自认为有价值的说一下。
参数 -v
首先定义一组测试用例：
# test_mod1.py
def test_case1():
x = "this"
assert "h" in x, "字符串中没有 h"
def test_case2():
x = 1
y = 2
assert type(x) != type(y), "x 不等于 y"
def test_case3():
x = "this"
assert "h" in x, "字符串中没有 h"
- 运行时，不带 -v 参数：
===================================================================== test session starts ======================================================================
collected 3 items
Test\test_mod1.py .F. [100%]
=========================================================================== FAILURES ===========================================================================
__________________________________________________________________________ test_case2 __________________________________________________________________________
def test_case2():
x = 1
y = 2
> assert type(x) != type(y), "x 不等于 y"
E AssertionError: x 不等于 y
E assert <class 'int'> != <class 'int'>
E + where <class 'int'> = type(1)
E + and <class 'int'> = type(2)
Test\test_mod1.py:11: AssertionError
=================================================================== short test summary info ====================================================================
FAILED Test/test_mod1.py::test_case2 - AssertionError: x 不等于 y
================================================================= 1 failed, 2 passed in 0.07s ==================================================================
. 表示通过，F 表示不通过，按顺序显示。
- 带 -v 参数：
===================================================================== test session starts ======================================================================
collected 3 items
Test/test_mod1.py::test_case1 PASSED [ 33%]
Test/test_mod1.py::test_case2 FAILED [ 66%]
Test/test_mod1.py::test_case3 PASSED [100%]
=========================================================================== FAILURES ===========================================================================
__________________________________________________________________________ test_case2 __________________________________________________________________________
def test_case2():
x = 1
y = 2
> assert type(x) != type(y), "x 不等于 y"
E AssertionError: x 不等于 y
E assert <class 'int'> != <class 'int'>
E + where <class 'int'> = type(1)
E + and <class 'int'> = type(2)
Test\test_mod1.py:11: AssertionError
=================================================================== short test summary info ====================================================================
FAILED Test/test_mod1.py::test_case2 - AssertionError: x 不等于 y
================================================================= 1 failed, 2 passed in 0.07s ==================================================================
显示详细的测试执行信息，包括每个测试用例的完整名称（模块名、类名、方法名）和结果。
参数 -r
这个参数主要控制 short test summary info 里的信息输出。可以与 -v 一起使用，如 -vra。
首先定义一组测试用例：
# test_mod1.py
import pytest
def test_pass():
x = "this"
assert "h" in x, "字符串中没有 h"
def test_fail():
x = 1
y = 2
assert type(x) != type(y), "x 不等于 y"
def test_pass1():
x = "this"
assert "h" in x, "字符串中没有 h"
@pytest.mark.xfail(reason="xfail")
def test_xfail():
x = 1
y = 2
assert type(x) != type(y), "x 不等于 y"
@pytest.mark.skip(reason="skip")
def test_skip():
x = 1
y = 2
assert type(x) != type(y), "x 不等于 y"
- -rf：输出断言失败的测试用例
是 pytest 的默认值，如果不使用 -r 系列参数，默认就是 -rf(-vrf 等价于 -v)。
===================================================================== test session starts ======================================================================
collected 5 items
Test/test_mod1.py::test_pass PASSED [ 20%]
Test/test_mod1.py::test_fail FAILED [ 40%]
Test/test_mod1.py::test_pass1 PASSED [ 60%]
Test/test_mod1.py::test_xfail XFAIL (xfail) [ 80%]
Test/test_mod1.py::test_skip SKIPPED (skip) [100%]
=========================================================================== FAILURES ===========================================================================
__________________________________________________________________________ test_fail ___________________________________________________________________________
def test_fail():
x = 1
y = 2
> assert type(x) != type(y), "x 不等于 y"
E AssertionError: x 不等于 y
E assert <class 'int'> != <class 'int'>
E + where <class 'int'> = type(1)
E + and <class 'int'> = type(2)
Test\test_mod1.py:13: AssertionError
=================================================================== short test summary info ====================================================================
FAILED Test/test_mod1.py::test_fail - AssertionError: x 不等于 y
====================================================== 1 failed, 2 passed, 1 skipped, 1 xfailed in 0.08s =======================================================
- -ra：输出除断言成功之外的所有测试用例
===================================================================== test session starts ======================================================================
collected 5 items
Test/test_mod1.py::test_pass PASSED [ 20%]
Test/test_mod1.py::test_fail FAILED [ 40%]
Test/test_mod1.py::test_pass1 PASSED [ 60%]
Test/test_mod1.py::test_xfail XFAIL (xfail) [ 80%]
Test/test_mod1.py::test_skip SKIPPED (skip) [100%]
=========================================================================== FAILURES ===========================================================================
__________________________________________________________________________ test_fail ___________________________________________________________________________
def test_fail():
x = 1
y = 2
> assert type(x) != type(y), "x 不等于 y"
E AssertionError: x 不等于 y
E assert <class 'int'> != <class 'int'>
E + where <class 'int'> = type(1)
E + and <class 'int'> = type(2)
Test\test_mod1.py:13: AssertionError
=================================================================== short test summary info ====================================================================
SKIPPED [1] Test\test_mod1.py:24: skip
XFAIL Test/test_mod1.py::test_xfail - xfail
FAILED Test/test_mod1.py::test_fail - AssertionError: x 不等于 y
====================================================== 1 failed, 2 passed, 1 skipped, 1 xfailed in 0.08s =======================================================
- -rA：输出所有的测试用例
===================================================================== test session starts ======================================================================
collected 5 items
Test/test_mod1.py::test_pass PASSED [ 20%]
Test/test_mod1.py::test_fail FAILED [ 40%]
Test/test_mod1.py::test_pass1 PASSED [ 60%]
Test/test_mod1.py::test_xfail XFAIL (xfail) [ 80%]
Test/test_mod1.py::test_skip SKIPPED (skip) [100%]
=========================================================================== FAILURES ===========================================================================
__________________________________________________________________________ test_fail ___________________________________________________________________________
def test_fail():
x = 1
y = 2
> assert type(x) != type(y), "x 不等于 y"
E AssertionError: x 不等于 y
E assert <class 'int'> != <class 'int'>
E + where <class 'int'> = type(1)
E + and <class 'int'> = type(2)
Test\test_mod1.py:13: AssertionError
============================================================================ PASSES ============================================================================
=================================================================== short test summary info ====================================================================
PASSED Test/test_mod1.py::test_pass
PASSED Test/test_mod1.py::test_pass1
SKIPPED [1] Test\test_mod1.py:24: skip
XFAIL Test/test_mod1.py::test_xfail - xfail
FAILED Test/test_mod1.py::test_fail - AssertionError: x 不等于 y
====================================================== 1 failed, 2 passed, 1 skipped, 1 xfailed in 0.08s =======================================================
- -rp：输出断言成功的测试用例
===================================================================== test session starts ======================================================================
collected 5 items
Test/test_mod1.py::test_pass PASSED [ 20%]
Test/test_mod1.py::test_fail FAILED [ 40%]
Test/test_mod1.py::test_pass1 PASSED [ 60%]
Test/test_mod1.py::test_xfail XFAIL (xfail) [ 80%]
Test/test_mod1.py::test_skip SKIPPED (skip) [100%]
=========================================================================== FAILURES ===========================================================================
__________________________________________________________________________ test_fail ___________________________________________________________________________
def test_fail():
x = 1
y = 2
> assert type(x) != type(y), "x 不等于 y"
E AssertionError: x 不等于 y
E assert <class 'int'> != <class 'int'>
E + where <class 'int'> = type(1)
E + and <class 'int'> = type(2)
Test\test_mod1.py:13: AssertionError
=================================================================== short test summary info ====================================================================
PASSED Test/test_mod1.py::test_pass
PASSED Test/test_mod1.py::test_pass1
====================================================== 1 failed, 2 passed, 1 skipped, 1 xfailed in 0.08s =======================================================
- -rx：输出被 @pytest.mark.xfail 装饰的测试用例
===================================================================== test session starts ======================================================================
collected 5 items
Test/test_mod1.py::test_pass PASSED [ 20%]
Test/test_mod1.py::test_fail FAILED [ 40%]
Test/test_mod1.py::test_pass1 PASSED [ 60%]
Test/test_mod1.py::test_xfail XFAIL (xfail) [ 80%]
Test/test_mod1.py::test_skip SKIPPED (skip) [100%]
=========================================================================== FAILURES ===========================================================================
__________________________________________________________________________ test_fail ___________________________________________________________________________
def test_fail():
x = 1
y = 2
> assert type(x) != type(y), "x 不等于 y"
E AssertionError: x 不等于 y
E assert <class 'int'> != <class 'int'>
E + where <class 'int'> = type(1)
E + and <class 'int'> = type(2)
Test\test_mod1.py:13: AssertionError
=================================================================== short test summary info ====================================================================
XFAIL Test/test_mod1.py::test_xfail - xfail
====================================================== 1 failed, 2 passed, 1 skipped, 1 xfailed in 0.07s =======================================================
- -rs：输出被 @pytest.mark.skip 装饰的测试用例
===================================================================== test session starts ======================================================================
collected 5 items
Test/test_mod1.py::test_pass PASSED [ 20%]
Test/test_mod1.py::test_fail FAILED [ 40%]
Test/test_mod1.py::test_pass1 PASSED [ 60%]
Test/test_mod1.py::test_xfail XFAIL (xfail) [ 80%]
Test/test_mod1.py::test_skip SKIPPED (skip) [100%]
=========================================================================== FAILURES ===========================================================================
__________________________________________________________________________ test_fail ___________________________________________________________________________
def test_fail():
x = 1
y = 2
> assert type(x) != type(y), "x 不等于 y"
E AssertionError: x 不等于 y
E assert <class 'int'> != <class 'int'>
E + where <class 'int'> = type(1)
E + and <class 'int'> = type(2)
Test\test_mod1.py:13: AssertionError
=================================================================== short test summary info ====================================================================
SKIPPED [1] Test\test_mod1.py:24: skip
====================================================== 1 failed, 2 passed, 1 skipped, 1 xfailed in 0.07s =======================================================
- -rN：不输出任何内容
===================================================================== test session starts ======================================================================
collected 5 items
Test/test_mod1.py::test_pass PASSED [ 20%]
Test/test_mod1.py::test_fail FAILED [ 40%]
Test/test_mod1.py::test_pass1 PASSED [ 60%]
Test/test_mod1.py::test_xfail XFAIL (xfail) [ 80%]
Test/test_mod1.py::test_skip SKIPPED (skip) [100%]
=========================================================================== FAILURES ===========================================================================
__________________________________________________________________________ test_fail ___________________________________________________________________________
def test_fail():
x = 1
y = 2
> assert type(x) != type(y), "x 不等于 y"
E AssertionError: x 不等于 y
E assert <class 'int'> != <class 'int'>
E + where <class 'int'> = type(1)
E + and <class 'int'> = type(2)
Test\test_mod1.py:13: AssertionError
====================================================== 1 failed, 2 passed, 1 skipped, 1 xfailed in 0.07s =======================================================
参数 –tb
用于设置测试失败时输出的 FAILURES 信息的错误堆栈信息的详细程度和格式。可以与 -v 一起使用，如 -v –tb=no。
首先定义一组测试用例：
# test_mod1.py
def test_01():
assert "a" == "b"
def test_02():
assert "a" == "b"
def test_03():
assert "a" == "b"
- –tb=auto：默认值
官方文档中说只输出第一条与最后一条测试用例，但是测试下来与 –tb=long 一致。这里说明一下，输出效果如下。
===================================================================== test session starts ======================================================================
collected 3 items
Test/test_mod1.py::test_01 FAILED [ 33%]
Test/test_mod1.py::test_02 FAILED [ 66%]
Test/test_mod1.py::test_03 FAILED [100%]
=========================================================================== FAILURES ===========================================================================
___________________________________________________________________________ test_01 ____________________________________________________________________________
def test_01():
> assert "a" == "b"
E AssertionError: assert 'a' == 'b'
E
E - b
E + a
Test\test_mod1.py:6: AssertionError
___________________________________________________________________________ test_02 ____________________________________________________________________________
def test_02():
> assert "a" == "b"
E AssertionError: assert 'a' == 'b'
E
E - b
E + a
Test\test_mod1.py:9: AssertionError
___________________________________________________________________________ test_03 ____________________________________________________________________________
def test_03():
> assert "a" == "b"
E AssertionError: assert 'a' == 'b'
E
E - b
E + a
Test\test_mod1.py:12: AssertionError
=================================================================== short test summary info ====================================================================
FAILED Test/test_mod1.py::test_01 - AssertionError: assert 'a' == 'b'
FAILED Test/test_mod1.py::test_02 - AssertionError: assert 'a' == 'b'
FAILED Test/test_mod1.py::test_03 - AssertionError: assert 'a' == 'b'
====================================================================== 3 failed in 0.08s =======================================================================
- –tb=short：仅显示断言行和错误类型
===================================================================== test session starts ======================================================================
collected 3 items
Test/test_mod1.py::test_01 FAILED [ 33%]
Test/test_mod1.py::test_02 FAILED [ 66%]
Test/test_mod1.py::test_03 FAILED [100%]
=========================================================================== FAILURES ===========================================================================
___________________________________________________________________________ test_01 ____________________________________________________________________________
Test\test_mod1.py:6: in test_01
assert "a" == "b"
E AssertionError: assert 'a' == 'b'
E
E - b
E + a
___________________________________________________________________________ test_02 ____________________________________________________________________________
Test\test_mod1.py:9: in test_02
assert "a" == "b"
E AssertionError: assert 'a' == 'b'
E
E - b
E + a
___________________________________________________________________________ test_03 ____________________________________________________________________________
Test\test_mod1.py:12: in test_03
assert "a" == "b"
E AssertionError: assert 'a' == 'b'
E
E - b
E + a
=================================================================== short test summary info ====================================================================
FAILED Test/test_mod1.py::test_01 - AssertionError: assert 'a' == 'b'
FAILED Test/test_mod1.py::test_02 - AssertionError: assert 'a' == 'b'
FAILED Test/test_mod1.py::test_03 - AssertionError: assert 'a' == 'b'
====================================================================== 3 failed in 0.07s =======================================================================
- –tb=line：单行输出错误文件、行号和错误摘要
===================================================================== test session starts ======================================================================
collected 3 items
Test/test_mod1.py::test_01 FAILED [ 33%]
Test/test_mod1.py::test_02 FAILED [ 66%]
Test/test_mod1.py::test_03 FAILED [100%]
=========================================================================== FAILURES ===========================================================================
D:\Projects\Python\PythonTest\Test\test_mod1.py:6: AssertionError: assert 'a' == 'b'
D:\Projects\Python\PythonTest\Test\test_mod1.py:9: AssertionError: assert 'a' == 'b'
D:\Projects\Python\PythonTest\Test\test_mod1.py:12: AssertionError: assert 'a' == 'b'
=================================================================== short test summary info ====================================================================
FAILED Test/test_mod1.py::test_01 - AssertionError: assert 'a' == 'b'
FAILED Test/test_mod1.py::test_02 - AssertionError: assert 'a' == 'b'
FAILED Test/test_mod1.py::test_03 - AssertionError: assert 'a' == 'b'
====================================================================== 3 failed in 0.01s =======================================================================
- –tb=no：不显示 FAILURES 信息
===================================================================== test session starts ======================================================================
collected 3 items
Test/test_mod1.py::test_01 FAILED [ 33%]
Test/test_mod1.py::test_02 FAILED [ 66%]
Test/test_mod1.py::test_03 FAILED [100%]
=================================================================== short test summary info ====================================================================
FAILED Test/test_mod1.py::test_01 - AssertionError: assert 'a' == 'b'
FAILED Test/test_mod1.py::test_02 - AssertionError: assert 'a' == 'b'
FAILED Test/test_mod1.py::test_03 - AssertionError: assert 'a' == 'b'
====================================================================== 3 failed in 0.01s =======================================================================
END
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